Melasma refers to patchy hyperpigmentation usually on both cheeks, the bridge of the nose, the chin, the upper lip and even the forehead. Less commonly, melasma can also occur on the body such as the neck or the arms (sun-exposed areas). This pattern of hyperpigmentation is related to sun exposure and is also hormonal-related, meaning it is commonly seen in pregnancy and hormonal therapies (such as the oral contraceptive). Those who have it will know the melasma is notoriously difficult to treat, because it is difficult to remove the instigating hormonal factors. In this article, SKIN gathers the top doctor-approved treatments for melasma. STEP #1 STAY OUT OF THE SUN Melasma is often worse in summer and improves in winter. Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure from the sun stimulates pigment cells in the skin (melanocyes) which produces too much pigment. Avoid being out in the sun deliberately, and if you are exposed, ensure you wear protective clothing such as a wide-brimmed hat and apply a good sunscreen. STEP #2 Continue Reading